Exercise and Aging: A Qualitative Correlation Essay -- Exercise, Aging

In 1523 the Spanish conquistador Ponce de Leon made an extensive voyage to a new world in search of the legendary leakage of Youth. He never found it. Although many years have passed since Ponce de Leon made his infamous trip, the idea of mythical youth is still very a good deal alive in our culture. We desire to actually act and feel youthful. Physical exercise is the only action a person can take to non only feel young but to physiologically slow the aging influence.This paper will present studies indicating the affect exercise has on the benevolent ashes and how it is useful in keeping us at our optimum physical and mental health. For now, aging is inevitable. Physiologically, we age be serve individual cells are preprogrammed to overwork and then self-destruct. The process becomes apparent in a comparison of old and young skin cells. Although both types contain the same array of genes, in older cells the genes work extra time under the direction of a master gene. The master gene forces the others to produce abnormal amounts of protein, which slows down replication and other vital cellular activity. These factors eventually cause organ degeneration and aging.To prevent or delay aging a way must be found to control overactive genes, say Dr. Samuel Goldstein of the University of are and Anna McCormick, Ph.D. of the National represent on Aging. The ultimate anti-aging discovery would be a drug that could suppress the master gene, stopping cells from beginning their destructive course. Until this discovery (and salutary after) our anti-aging bullet can be exercise. Exercise is the closest thing to an anti-aging pill there is, says Alex Leif, M.D., a professor at the Harvard Medical School of Gerontology. Regular effortless physical activity has been a way of life for virtually ever person who has reached the age of 100 in sound condition. Studies at the National Institute of Aging have repeatedly shown that regular exercise and strength t rain down can have a profound effect on the rate of human aging, and may forestall the disability and diseases we are used to thinking of as the unavoidable price of growing old.One method of exercise is called strength raining attained by muscle resistance movements such as those provide by the simple use of free weights. Dr. Evans, of the Human Nutrition Research common snapping turtle on Aging at Tufts University, conducted an unorthodox study tha... ...ucose Tolerance and Plasma Lipid Levels in Older Men and Women, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 252, none 5, Aug. 1984, pp. 645-649.9G. Heath, A Physiological Comparison of Young and Older Endurance Athletes, Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 51, nary(prenominal) 3, Sept. 1981, p. 639.10B. Johnson, Flow Limitation and Regulation of Functional Residual capability during Exercise in a Physically Active Aging Population, American Review of Respiratory Disease, Vol. 143, No. 5, May 1991, p. 960.11, 15, 16 A. Coggan, Histoc hemical and Enzymatic Characteristics of Skeletal musculus in Masters Athletes, Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 68, No. 2, 1990, pp. 1896-1900.12, 13, 18 H. Higdon, The Masters Running Guide, National Masters News, Van Nuys, CA, 1990, pp. 36-37, pp. 48-51.14, 20 M. Alter, Science of Stretching, Human dynamics Books, Champaign, IL, 1988, p. 31, p. 64.17 G. Legwold, Masters Competitors Age Little in TenYears, The Physician andSports Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 10, Oct. 1982, p. 27.19 M. Fiatarone, High-Intensity Strength Training in Nonagenarians, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.. 263, No. 22, June 1990, p. 3033

Essay --

Describe the future As the world grows so do our ch all(prenominal)enges. Not only atomic number 18 our problems ripening in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is barely a day sequence that goes by when I dont hear approximately some new problem that will soon endanger us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped there are other threats such as the extension of racial abhorrence, mounting risk of ailment spread, and the increasing levels of civil agitation all over the world, which endanger numerous lives everyday. Most of the futures challenges will only be made possible if all people, regard slight of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work unitedly for a stronger world. There are numerous ways in which I believe that we can assist association meet this future challenge of access together as a united world. To make the people of the world combine would barely take time in persuadi ng people of the world that we are all in quest of the same fundamental goals. Many suffer problems on a much less grandiose scale. In spite of the circumstance that th... Essay -- Describe the future As the world grows so do our challenges. Not only are our problems growing in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is barely a day that goes by when I dont hear about some new problem that will soon endanger us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped there are other threats such as the extension of racial abhorrence, mounting risk of disease spread, and the increasing levels of civil agitation all over the world, which endanger numerous lives everyday. Most of the futures challenges will only be made possible if all people, regardless of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work together for a stronger world. There are numerous ways in which I believe that we can assist society mee t this future challenge of coming together as a united world. To make the people of the world combine would barely take time in persuading people of the world that we are all in quest of the same fundamental goals. Many suffer problems on a much less grandiose scale. In spite of the fact that th...

Hemophilia :: essays research papers

Hemophilia is a rare elementtic blood clot disorder that primarily affects males. People sustentation with bleeders disease do not have enough of, or are missing, one of the blood clotting proteins naturally found in blood. Two of the intimately common forms of hemophilia are A and B. In persons with hemophilia A (also called classic hemophilia), clotting factor VIII is not present in satisfactory amounts or is absent. In persons with hemophilia B (also called Christmas disease), clotting factor IX is not present in sufficient amounts or is absent. People with hemophilia do not bleed more profusely or bleed faster than normal they bleed for a longer period of time.Virtually all plenty who have hemophilia A or B are born with it. The majority of people with hemophiliahave a family history (it is a contractable disorder).In as many as 30% of cases, there is no family history of hemophilia. In these cases, the mother may not be aware that she carries the gene for hemophilia, or a gene mutation may have occurred spontaneously.A long historyHemophilia was identified as early as biblical times. Doctors in medieval times were familiar with it as well. In 1803, a Philadelphia doctor published the first description of hemophilia in the United States. further it was not until 30 years later that hemophilia became widely recognized. Hemophilia laterdeveloped a reputation as the "royal disease" because it passed from cigaret Victoria of England to her descendants throughout the royal houses of Europe.Who Gets Hemophilia?Hemophilia occurs when the gene to produce clotting factor does not work correctly.Without the proper amount of clotting factor, bleeding occurs easily.Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in about two thirds of the cases. About one third ofthe cases of hemophilia occur due to spontaneous changes in the gene or mutations. The presence of a mutated gene may not be noted until a woman with no family history of hemophilia has a son with the d isorder.The gene for hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome. The gene for hemophilia isalso recessive. This is why hemophilia is referred to as an X-linked recessive disorder.If there is not a normal gene present to offset the defective, recessive gene, thedisorder will be present. Whether or not a child will have hemophilia or be a carrier forthe disorder depends on the status of the mother and of the father. The figure belowshows how this type of disorder is inherited.

Field International Case Study :: Field International, Case Studies, business,

Field International is a large production comp any(prenominal) that operates for fifteen years. This company has trey divisions Field Production, Field Music, and the sweet venture, Field Advertising. The president and chairman of the board, Lawrence Field, has operated this business in a pooled interdependence fashion. Each division is directed commutatively by a vice president, and evaluated in the same independent basis. Recently, two major clients complained directly to Field about some production delays of the Advertising Division. Therefore Field decided to meet with his three vice presidents on a weekly luncheon so the two experienced vice presidents could contribute to the one that is having problems. In addition, he taught that this would be a good occasion to metamorphose the usual independent method of mathematical process of each division to a new reciprocal interdependence form of operation where all can cooperate with each other. However this sudden change cause a negative reaction on his vice presidents, and Field had to cast this idea of change. Consequently, Field International is going through communications problem that could damage the growth of his company. First, Mr. Field tried to impose a radical change on the operation of the business without notifying to the vice presidents of each division. During long time, the production vice president and the music vice president have worked in an independent basis and during this time they get used to it. So, when they get Mr. Durkeys memo they probably thought that now the authority that they used to have was been restricted without any reason. Also, they could feel offended by the sudden show of distrust of Mr. Field. After all, they had been working for long time for the company without having major problems. In the same guidance the new advertising vice president was aware of this independent sort of operation within the company. Thus, he also must felt professionally u nderestimated. In addition, the two major clients of the company made the mistake of going over his head which cause an immense indignation on him. In the same way Mr. Field made the mistake of exposing the advertising problems in front of the other two divisions without knowing the magnitude of the problem. All these complications contribute to the gloomy atmosphere of the meeting. Next, characteristics like the setting of the meeting and the personality of the employees also contribute to the development of the problem.

Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises Essay -- Small and Medium Enter

SMALL and medium enterprises (SMEs) are broadly defined as manufacturing, manufacturing-related services (MRS) and agro-based industries that employment around 200 full-time employees or have annual sales turnover of not more than RM50mil (Chermaine, 2013). Besides, the term also refer to enterprises in the services, primary agriculture and information and communication technology industries with not more than 75 full-time employees or annual sales turnover of not more than RM20mil. fit to the SME Annual Report 2012, small and medium enterprises represent 98.5% of the approximately 78,000 companies in Malaysia, with the remaining 1.5% made up of multinational and public-listed companies. In many developed nations, SMEs are thought to contribute mingled with 40% and 60% to gross domestic product and 60% and 70% of the employment, but the SME sector in Malaysia has not reached the gelt yet. The core purpose of Web services is to create an exchange of data and information between businesses in real time via the Internet, and thus can be shared with clients, suppliers and separate business partners of all the information needed.It is resemblance of the business model for example e-commerce or e-business that required transaction, product catalogue, and so on between supplier, fellowship and customer. The complex e-commerce is becoming trend as Amazon.com and eBay started it to bring forward other Website within other companies using it. From that, the growing of the new software, function and features give be invented. Furthermore, the rise and development of technology and communication by using the Web to conduct business is on the rise as well. Therefore, when applied to any judicature that uses web services to automatically increase the value of the market, because right now, all the benefits of working on the line provide help the company in its festeringThere are some of those benefits that will increase the value of business. An easier and effic ient e-business or e-commerce application is one of the benefit can be gained by the company which is the efficiency and the easy access of business will make business flowing good and flawless. In addition, the company or organization would be equal to go in the global market. As the purpose of the company want to expand their businesses, this e-commerce will help the organization going global business as the main function is online and everyone can buy it from their home as long as the customer meets the term and condition. Finally, invented the new way to do business, as this e-commerce will allow other business sector at all fields will do the same. From this, the festering of the economics and the customer will be bed of the variety of product that can be bought.There are a lot of benefits of Web services to Amazon, eBay and their developer partners. The first one is it allows an explosive business growth in globally because it is not besides on domestic as Web services are invented for organization to go global market. This will encourage other organization will do the same method to increase their profit. Secondly, Web services help these companies to expand their market reach as promotional activities for customer to get to know the product. Target market reach will be able for the company to find their potential customer to buy their product. Thirdly, it will give users the ability to act on information any time, any place, and from any smart device. It covers up almost everything that is available t... ...e services providers begin and other competitor have no choice to lower their worth in order to compete with U Mobile and it is long debate to be grease on. Back to the topic, in Aroma Hijrah itself is the new entrant in the market. So far, NSK has to compete with new retailer which are more convenience and cheap. The price wars and offer better product and services are needed. Thus, NSK came out with an idea to cover themselves from threat of new entrant. First of all, they provide a social status cards that the customer can get 1 point in every Rm1 they spend. Once they collected at some limit, NSK will provide the customer with the special gifts and the membership also allows the customer to get member prices that is lower than non-member price. Also, NSK provide N-Card Kiosk in order to check and verify their cards and its collected points. Based from my observation, NSK unravel to open their store nearest factory and industry location rather than open area for business, and this probably they want attract nearest people that do not want to go out the place to shopping. . It is cleared that, NSK and Econsave are ultimate rivalry based on their current business operation and profitable. However, only one company will always be a winner and NSK is capable on this competition as they brave enough to do a 24-hour store opened located in Selayang that could capture more customer nearby and during festive season. They also brave in reduce some price of their products in order to attract the customers.Works CitedChermaine Poo (2013). Financing for SMEs. The Star Online. http//www.thestar.com.my/Business/SME/2013/09/27/Financing-for-SMEs/ Muhyiddin Yassin (2013). SMEs. Berita Harian Online. www.beritaharianonline.com

Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises Essay -- Small and Medium Enter

SMALL and medium enterprises (SMEs) are broadly defined as manufacturing, manufacturing-related run (MRS) and agro-based industries that employ around 200 full-time employees or have annual sales turnover of non more than RM50mil (Chermaine, 2013). Besides, the term also point to enterprises in the services, primary agriculture and information and communication technology industries with not more than 75 full-time employees or annual sales turnover of not more than RM20mil. According to the SME Annual Report 2012, small and medium enterprises represent 98.5% of the approximately 78,000 companies in Malaysia, with the remaining 1.5% made up of multinational and public-listed companies. In many developed nations, SMEs are thought to contribute between 40% and 60% to gross domestic product and 60% and 70% of the employment, but the SME sector in Malaysia has not defecateed the mark yet. The core purpose of Web services is to create an exchange of data and information between lineag ees in real time via the Internet, and and then can be shared with clients, suppliers and other business partners of all the information needed.It is resemblance of the business model for example e-commerce or e-business that required transaction, product catalogue, and so on between supplier, bon ton and customer. The complex e-commerce is becoming trend as Amazon.com and eBay started it to encourage other Website within other companies using it. From that, the growing of the new software, execute and features bequeath be invented. Furthermore, the rise and development of technology and communication by using the Web to conduct business is on the rise as well. Therefore, when use to any brass section that uses web services to automatically increase the value of the market, because right now, all the benefits of working on the line will help the company in its growthThere are some of those benefits that will increase the value of business. An easier and efficient e-business or e-commerce application is one of the benefit can be gained by the company which is the efficiency and the easy access of business will make business flowing good and flawless. In addition, the company or organization would be able to go in the spheric market. As the purpose of the company want to expand their businesses, this e-commerce will help the organization going orbicular business as the main function is online and everyone can buy it from their home as long as the customer meets the term and condition. Finally, invented the new way to do business, as this e-commerce will allow other business sector at all fields will do the same. From this, the growth of the economics and the customer will be enjoy of the variety of product that can be bought.There are a lot of benefits of Web services to Amazon, eBay and their developer partners. The first one is it allows an explosive business growth in globally because it is not only on domestic as Web services are invented for organi zation to go global market. This will encourage other organization will do the same method to increase their profit. Secondly, Web services help these companies to expand their market reach as promotional activities for customer to get to know the product. Target market reach will be able for the company to find their potential customer to buy their product. Thirdly, it will give users the ability to act on information any time, any place, and from any smart device. It covers up almost everything that is available t... ...e services providers begin and other competitor have no choice to lower their price in order to compete with U Mobile and it is long reckon to be spot on. Back to the topic, in Aroma Hijrah itself is the new entrant in the market. So far, NSK has to compete with new retailer which are more comfort station and cheap. The price wars and offering better product and services are needed. Thus, NSK came out with an idea to cover themselves from threat of new entrant. First of all, they provide a social rank cards that the customer can get 1 point in every Rm1 they spend. Once they collected at some limit, NSK will provide the customer with the special gifts and the membership also allows the customer to get member prices that is lower than non-member price. Also, NSK provide N-Card Kiosk in order to check and verify their cards and its collected points. Based from my observation, NSK tend to open their store nighest factory and industry location rather than open area for business, and this probably they want attract nearest people that do not want to go out the place to shopping. . It is cleared that, NSK and Econsave are ultimate rivalry based on their current business operation and profitable. However, only one company will always be a winner and NSK is capable on this competition as they brave overflowing to do a 24-hour store opened located in Selayang that could capture more customer nearby and during festive season. They also brave in issue some price of their products in order to attract the customers.Works CitedChermaine Poo (2013). Financing for SMEs. The Star Online. http//www.thestar.com.my/Business/SME/2013/09/27/Financing-for-SMEs/ Muhyiddin Yassin (2013). SMEs. Berita Harian Online. www.beritaharianonline.com

Problems teenagers face Essay

Acquiring an Identity and establishing self-esteem are two of the biggest obstacles that teenagers face. As children mature, they view themselves in more than complicated ways. By the fourth dimension they mature into teenagers they are able to give detailed psychological descriptions of themselves. Consequently, they become more interested in understanding their own personalities and why they carry the way they do. During the period of adolescence, feelings towards oneself change. Nonetheless, as individuals become more and more confident their self esteem increases.Most teenagers go through periods when they are unsure of who they rattling are. When they reach adulthood it is more give carely that these young adults have a better sense of their real personality then someone who didnt go through this struggle. This is just aboutly do to the fact that if you have this problem at some point you t destruction to study who you really are and in the end know yourself better. A chil d who is popular is much less likely to go through this issue.As children get older and begin racy naturalize there is an increased importance of friends. As teenagers begin trusting and telling secrets to their friends, their relationship gains a sense of loyalty and obligation. When a teenagers finds him or herself thinking like a someone else it develops into a friendship.If a strong bond occurs with someone normally of the opposite sex dating might occur. Dating is a very(prenominal) loose word which can mean many different things. It can mean divergence out in a group to have fun, going out in a group to get to know each other, or just two people going out to see a movie. After feelings have grown between two people they sometimes investigate sexually with each other.Most teenagers first drill with sex does non involve another person. Many young adults have sexually related fantasies about someone they know (or someone they dont know for that matter). It is too fairly c ommon for adolescents to masturbate.When many adolescents have reached high school, they have had some experience with intimate sexual contact, such as kissing, caressing, or sexual intercourse. In the 80s it was common to become sexually active young, however now it seems as though that rate is slowing down. Judaism and many other religions tincture down on sexual activity or anything of that nature before marriage. Sexuality is only one of the main issues that high-schoolers face.Another main concern in a teenagers life is school. The school day and the school atmosphere is much more treacherous then it was in elementary school. When they were junior children very few classrooms and they were taken care of by one or two teachers. In high school, children tend to have a different teacher for each subject. This puts a huge strain on kids.Also, in elementary school, children work with their teachers all day. Once they are in Junior high they guide to learn how to manage their time alone.This can put a huge dent in people self esteem. Because they are so stresses their interest in other things may decline which only makes the situation worse. The only way to try to avoid this is to prepare ahead of time for it. That way you will ask it and be ready for the change.Another huge problem that teenagers face is alcohol and drug abuse. Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana are big issues in many schools. Adolescents tend to experiment to fit in with their friends. Teenagers may see smoking or drinking a gateway to popularity. There are many more reasons as to why children try drugs, alcohol, and cigarrettes, but that is one of the immense reasons Establishing a sexual identity is another huge concern in the eyes of teenagers. Sexual identity generally means who you are attracted to (Same/Opposite sex). People whose own sex appeals to them are called homosexuals/lesbian. People who are attracted to the opposite sex are called heterosexual.When most children enter high s chool they are spending most of their time with the same sex. An outcome to this would be that many adolescents begin to experience sexual feelings before they come pissed to anyone of theopposite sex. This only means that their sexual development is beyond their social development. This isnt always an obstacle but it is something all maturing teenagers face.Eating disorders is one of the most serious obstacles that teenagers face. Some adolescents, especially females, become so concerned about weight and their looks that they take drastic and dangerous measures to remain thin. The most common practice of this is causing yourself to throw up.This is called bulimia. Young women with a disorder called anorexia nervosa starve themselves to keep their weight low. These people view themselves as overweight when they are actually thin. binge-eating syndrome and anorexia nervosa are uncommon until one is a teenager and after one is 21.Their are many issues that teenagers face and they al l, in one way or another, take that childs self esteem. Almost every aspect of maturing for a teenager can cause stress. It is a very sensitive and important time for all human beings.Every year more and more is being done to prevent the stress we face but there is still much more work to be done.

Development of Islamic Banking and Finance in Singapore

In the context of economy, capital of capital of capital of Singapore s a trade-oriented merchandise economy that basically practices conventional banking system. However, the Moslem banking system has slow entering the Singapore banking system since the year 2005. The Moslem banking system was not rapidly executed nor accepted because the conventional banking sector has developed well over the period of m. The fiscal Authority of Singapore (MASS) is the responsible entity in helping the progress of Islamic pay in the country. The table provided below is to show few of the comparison between conventional banking system and Islamic banking system Singapore.Additional buyers stamp duty needs to be paid off by certain groups of mickle that want to obtain real estates. Additional buyers stamp duty for certain Islamic transactions involving real estates is removed. Using the usual structures used for assess revenue discussion in conventional banking system. Using Maharajah, M uhammad, and Jar WA lasting structures on the tax treatment for Islamic financing since 2006. Contribute 75% for annual harvest-festival count of Singapore. Contribute for annual growth rate of Singapore since established and still growing at a fast rate.BACKGROUND Singapore is a passing developed trade-oriented market economy. Singapore economy has been ranked as the most open in the world, least corrupt, most pro- business, with low tax rates (14. 2% of Gross Domestic Product, GAP) and has the third highest GAP in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (POP), of $318. 9 billion in 2011. Singapore initiated its Islamic finance Journey at the start of the millennium with the watershed decision to give preferential tax treatment for Islamic finance.The Singapore government, in tabling its 2002 budget, announced fiscal incentives under he Financial Sector Incentive (IFS) scheme after realizing the great potential of Islamic finance, especially as a reliable alternative asset s class. These fiscal incentives have prompt the establishment of several Islamic window operations in the republic, including Standard Charted rim, HASH, COB, COMB and Mbabane. In 2005, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MASS) refined its regulations to facilitate the growth of Islamic finance. It also removed the additional stamp duties for certain Islamic transactions involving real estate.To get to the breeding of Islamic nuance, MASS Joined the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFS) and has participated actively in its various working groups and task forces in beas analogous supervisory review, Islamic money markets, capital adequacy, liquidity management and solvency requirements for tactful operations. In 2006, clarifications were made on the tax treatment for Islamic financing using Maharajah and Sarah with Assistant structures. Singapore-based banks began to offer Maharajah investments and Maharajah financing.In 2007, retail Maharajah investors were accorded the sa me regulatory protection as conventional depositors. In 2008, a concessionary tax rate was introduced for qualifying Shari-compliant lending, fund management, tactful and retrieval activities. MAIN PRODUCT Penthouse Singapore is having small domestic market and competition compare to other country, it lot still position itself in a niche market in the region. In Islamic finance area, Singapore, through the integrated monetary and economic development, bottom create new opportunities for Islamic finance and other financial products.Monetary Authority of Singapore (MASS) has recognized the characteristic of Singapore policy approach has been to align tax treatment of Islamic contracts with the treatment of conventional financing contracts. Singapore has refined its regulatory framework and tax structures over the years to strengthen its Islamic Finance. In the recent years, Singapore has their eyes on Islamic Finance. There are four profit sharing financial products offered by Is lamic financial governing body in Singapore which are muskrat, maturated, maharajah and Sarah.Islamic financial institution in Singapore also offers insurance product namely Tactful. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MASS) gave its approval to bank to engage in non-financial activities much(prenominal) as commodity trading to promote maharajah transactions. Maharajah is also commonly used in home financing and car financing. Islamic insurance or Tactful is the insurance products of Islamic finance. With more than S$50 billion Tactful funds, the Islamic insurance or Tactful has been successful in Singapore. MASS has issued SKU program to provide Shari compliant regulatory assets.The Joint arrangers of the SKU program are the Standard hired Bank and The Islamic Bank of Asia (B Asia) and the legal counsel advising the transactions is Allen & Eggshell. The chairman of B Asia, Abdullah Has USAF has stated that this program is signifi fuelt for being the first change state inquiry Sarah based SKU from such a high quality issuer in the world and it reflects Singapore growing competence in support functions for Islamic finance, such as providing the required legal services. Besides that, Singapore has been introduced to the Singapore Unit Trusts Ethical Growth Fund that complies with principle of Shari by Mbabane.Moreover, in May 2008, Singapore was the first-listing of a Shari-compliant exchanged traded fund FEET). MASS Joined the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFS) and participated in various working groups and task forces to contribute to the development of Islamic PROMOTING & MARKETING The global Islamic finance industry has grown to reach some US$I . 3 trillion in broad(a) asset size, Singapore has remained committed in introducing Islamic Finance to the islands monetary system when the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MASS) established its S$200 million SKU AAA-Sarah Trust Certificate take Program.The program marked the highest credit quality in the first Islamic finance market of SKU. To view it in a larger context, it is an extremely huge effort from Singapore Monetary Authority to foster the growth of the country Islamic Finance market. This SKU AAA-Sarah Trust Certificate Issuance Program is one part of a bilateral approach of providing both a favorable regulatory framework and high quality liquidity assets for financial institutions to commerce Islamic Finance transactions, with the main objective of promoting the Islamic Finance market in Singapore.The governments aim is to control the country strength in wholesale banking, asset management and UAPITA markets to tallow Islamic financial service to prosper, in conjunction with the already established conventional financial services available in the island. check to the speech given by Assistant Managing Director of Monetary Authority of Singapore (MASS), Mr.. Eng Sam Sin, the authority hosted initiatives to create an encouraging environment for Islamic financial activit ies to grow in Singapore.Their basic approach was to level the playing field between Islamic and conventional finance as many of the same risks squeeze out be found in both. Since 2004, their body has revived clarifications for an increasing number of Shari-compliant financing arrangements and had worked with the industry and other government agencies to ensure that Islamic financial players and end-users are not disadvantaged in terms of taxation. In respond, the range of Islamic financial products available in Singapore has expanded beyond Shari-compliant credit facilities such as SKU.There has been a steady issuance of Sucks and they were aware there are more incoming. Tax incentives were actively introduced by Singapore government to harmonies the tax hideaway of certain Shari-compliant financing instruments including the imposition of double stamp duties in Islamic transactions involving real estate in Singapore, and providing the same concessionary tax treatment to income fr om SKU. In Singapore 2013 Budget, Singapore government has stated about the widening of Financial Sector Incentive (IFS) Scheme which was forecasted to bright a new light to the islands already established Islamic Finance market.Qualifying Islamic Finance activities under the FSML-lilacs Finance award will be incentive at a 12 share concessionary tax rate. In 2001, Malaysias largest bank, Mbabane, started Islamic banking in Singapore with the introduction of Singapore Unit Trusts Ethical Growth Fund while in 2006, the bank introduced a Shari-compliant online savings account and savings UCM checking account that is also complied with the principles of the Shari. Another significant move in the development of Islamic finance was through education.The Singapore Islamic Scholars and Religious Teachers Association (PEERAGES) has announced that some Islamic religious scholars would be trained in banking and finance to assist Singapore aim of becoming a hub for Islamic Finance. RECEPTION & PROBLEMS Singapore financial markets start to see a gradual increase in the Islamic financial products. The global Islamic financial markets are estimated to be valued at approximately IIS$ 1 trillion and also are expected to grow rapidly at an annual rate of 25 per cent. In 2009, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MASS) is S$ 200 million through SKU AAA-Sarah Trust Certificate Issuance Program.On the next year, the financial market of the Khans National Beebreads increases to S$ 1. 5 billion through SKU Wake. The MASS has adopted a fractional approach by insert new revisions relating to Islamic banking and finance to develop the regulatory framework of Islamic banking and finance in Singapore. They abide the legislation, the Banking Act and Securities and Futures Act and regulations to accommodate and focus the regulation of Islamic banking and finance within the conventional banking in Singapore without any specific reference to Shari.Similarly, the income tax legislation and regulation in Singapore have been adjusted in commit to establish a level playing field through practicing same tax treatments and incentives as it is part f conventional financing arrangements. However, there are some barrier that needs to overcome before Singapore developed as an international financial centre for Islamic banking and finance. Firstly, there is still a lack of friendliness of issuers and investors in Singapore with the detailed components and mechanics of Islamic financial products.Thus, they need to increase the financial incentives offered to issuers to attract them to invest more time and resources in practicing themselves on Islamic financial products. Secondly, Islamic banking and finance legal framework in Singapore has not been tasted. While in Malaysia, the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009 renders the Central Bank of Malaysias Shari Advisory Council as the sole authority relating to Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia.Conversely, due to Singapore pos ition as a non-Muslim country, the legislation and regulations touching on Islamic financial instruments are sterilized from religious reference. Singapore also did not have a party that can compliance with the application of Shari principles in the Islamic banking and finance sector. Natural advantages hat are given in Singapore is due to its strong banking regulatory framework, governmental ability and high-skilled professional workers.

Of Mice and Men †Themes And Issues Essay

In the book Of Mice and manpower the writer John Steinbeck keeps returning to the subject of bleakness. By doing this he is trying to put through to us how they (George and Lennie) must feel, with no money, scraps of food, no where to sleep until they do transmit a job in the vitamin B House.In there they still feel a little lonely with other barn workers there. They sit there in silence. He fell morosely silent. If George was to go out with other workers, Lennie would be left alone with no one to talk to, as an example of loneliness. Lennie would just walk around and in one case he goes to Crooks bunk. You got no right to come in my room Crooks says to Lennie, in this case it makes him a little lonelier, being not accepted because he would not know why he isnt allowed in there.Another example of loneliness is Curleys married woman. She feels lonely and never has anyone to talk to. When the boys go out one evening, Lennie is left alone in the barn house, where he is feeling lonel y playing with a puppy that was new-born. He killed it like he kills all the mice. Curleys wife enters the barn and sits by Lennie. They talk for a while about their lifestyles when Curleys wife mentions Its ok for you, youve got the guys to talk to, I aint got no one to talk to. (Page 85) I get lonely. Here John Steinbeck is explaining to us, the readers that there is a lot of loneliness in the barns. He does this to show how valuable George and Lennies relationship is because all the migrant workers do not have relationships. So this shows how important it really is, because they are a companionship which means they will always be there for one another, the workers will not.When Curleys wife says she gets lonely, she is trying to get Lennie to listen to her. In the same conversation between Curleys wife and Lennie she says Why cant I talk to you, all the guys got a tournament going on, they aint gonna leave that tenement. I get awfully lonely. Once again John Steinbeck is tellin g us, how lonely Curleys wife gets. She on the dot wants someone to talk to, I can only talk to Curley and he gets boring, she hints. Steinbeck really tries to get through to us readers explaining the loneliness and isolation in this book.Crooks and edulcorate are also very lonely. Crooks because he is Black and has to keep himself to himself and has no one to talk to because of his colour mainly.Candy would also be lonely because he also keeps himself to himself and only really has his dog. After his dog is shot he is extremely lonely, for example he lies on his bed and stares at the ceiling.In Of Mice and Men there is also a threat of violence and lots of violence. Violence is hinted earlier in the story, in Weed where Lennie was feeling the girls dress and wouldnt let go which made her very scared, and made him angry.Also, the mice that Lennie kills, because he strokes them to hard shows that he doesnt realize his deliver strength. One main piece of violence may be when Lenni e killed Curleys wife, breaking her neck. The readers all know that Lennie did not mean it, he is harmless. But just a little too strong for his own good. Lennie likes to feel soft things and was feeling Curleys wifes hair when he started to shake her so she wouldnt scream, Lennie shook her so hard that he that he broke her neck.Another piece of violence was when Lennie broke all the bones in Curleys hand. He did this unintentionally too, but Curley was punching and swinging at Lennie so much, George shouted Get im Lennie, and in self-defense, Lennie broke all Curleys bones in his hand.A threat of violence, a main one was by and by Lennie had killed Curleys wife. Curley was screaming and shouting Im gonna bust him up, Im gonna shoot his guts out when I find him. Curley is furious at Lennie for killing his wife, and is telling the boys when he finds him, hes going to die. Curley in this book is probably the biggest threat of violence, maybe he likes a punch-up, or a fight, and he su re is hungry to kill Lennie.In conclusion, John Steinbeck writes this book well, and I think knows what we (the readers) want to read. I think he keeps repeating loneliness and violence because he doesnt want anyone to experience it themselves. This book is very well written and is a good example of lots of things, i.e. Prejudice, Violence and loneliness.

Propaganda †Persuasive Techniques Essay

Arundhati Roy and Michael Moore are two very skilful propagandists who use powerful and persuasive techniques to convey a particular message. These techniques are deliberately used to good luck charm to us, the earshot, and our appetites, our sense of fear and above all(a) our vanity. These techniques used in The end of imagination (Arundhati Roy) and Fahrenheit 9/11 (Michael Moore) will be examined to consider how in effect(p) these propagandists are at appealing to these internal persuaders.Roys essay The end of imagination focused on thermonuclear warfare, her main argument was that the Indian government and all world governments must not be involved in the production or testing of nuclear bombs as they are simply to destructive and deleterious to all of creation. Moores film focused on the presidency of George W. bush, the Iraq war and its coverage by the American media, his main argument was that American corporate media did not provide an objective and accurate analysis concerning the invasion of Iraq, and that George Bush was, at the time an inept president.The most important weapon in a propagandists arsenal is the ability to draw emotion from a reader or viewer, along with the ability to control and direct that emotion so that the audience believe what is being presented, without doubting whether or not, it is accurate. There are many emotions that can be provoked by a propagandist however the strongest is by far fear. Fear tactics are used by both Roy and Moore very efficaciously, the title of Roys essay itself is an example (The end of imagination). Roy writes in the disruption sentence May 1998.Itll go down in history books, provided of course we devote history books to go down in. Provided, of course, we have a future. This is a kick example of fear tactics being used to consume the audience in a sense of uncertainty for the future, however this is not the only technique at use here, burlesque is also present. Exaggeration is used ei ther to emphasize facts and figures or in this case to try and convince the audience that the power is worse than it actually is, stirring the audience so that they become fearful.Moore also uses exaggeration however in a somewhat different way. He uses exaggeration to portray George W Bush as close to always being on holidays after the 9/11 attacks, this technique is deliberately misleading as Bush did not spend as much time on holiday as the audience is made to believe. Moore also uses fear tactics homogeneous Roy suggesting that the US Government is able to spy on American Citizens. Whether or not this is true is irrelevant because it makes people question their right of privacy and may create a sense of panic, ultimately appealing to the audiences sense of fear.Humour is also a very useful tool in a propagandists toolbox of techniques. There are many different ways to persuade the audience, but one in which Moore does very effectively is by asking rhetorical questions for ex ample what was he thinking? and did we really elect this guy president? This technique is effective because the audience may receive more inclined to agree with a presenter who makes them laugh and is confident about what they are saying than a presenter who just recites facts.People savour laughing and because of that have a thirst for laughter a skilful propagandist realises this and uses humour to appeal to their audiences appetites. Another powerful and also humorous technique is the use of sarcasm. Moore says The president did what any of us would do, he went on holiday? Sarcasm is frequently used by Moore, questioning Bushs intelligence and portraying Bush as failing as a president. Roy chose not to use humour in The end of imagination though it is clear that Roy feels very strongly about nuclear weapons and it is evident in the techniques she employs when writing.She writes with a lot of emotion, using a lot of emotive language The nuclear bomb is the most anti-democrati c, anti-national, anti-human, outright evil thing that man has ever made. Here Roy uses raw emotion to appeal to the audiences appetite. People famish for knowledge, more importantly the truth. Both Roy and Moore use that knowledge and feed the audiences appetites by telling the truth. One very cunning persuasive technique is the use of selective reporting. Throughout Roys entire essay, she wrote only about her viewpoint, not providing opposing views or perspectives therefore leaving no room for discussion or argument.This technique is used, bombarding the audience with just one side of the story and therefore convinces the audience to believe that the issue is black and white and the presenters view is correct and justified. In bank line to Moores Fahrenheit 9/11 reports only one side of the story as if to brainwash the audience. Inclusive language is used frequently by Roy, she uses words like our and we so that the audience feels comfortable and included in the essay, this tec hnique is used to appeal to our vanity. Another technique used by Moore is the character assassination of George W.Bushs character. On countless occasions Moore would use repetition of key words and phrases e. g. Im a war president, Sadam, Al Qaeda, , Nuclear weapon, Hes got them to diminish the intelligence of Bush. Moore also point out flaws in Bushs administration and almost any mistake that he could find, giving examples of where Bush contradicted himself and often made a fool out of himself. Attacks on his opponents and Character Assassination were two of Moores most effective techniques, used to persuade viewers that he was undoubtedly and irrefutably correct.Roy on the other hand did not have one person to train. Her target was the Indian and world Governments. Roy appealed to all audiences in her closing statement by saying If you are religious, then remember that this bomb is Mans dispute to God. Its worded quite simply We have the power to destroy everything that you ha ve created. If youre not religious, then look at it this way. This world of ours is four thousand, half-dozen hundred million years old. It could end in an afternoon. This technique appeals to all demographics as it outlines the sheer magnitude of the issue being presented.Roy portrays that the offender is nuclear bombs and the victim is the world. This technique directly appeals to our sense of fear and vanity as everyone likes to feel confident and comfortable and that vanity that we have is at stake. Arundhati Roy and Michael Moore are two presenters that have been given the title of propagandists. A propagandist attempts to manipulate the way their audience thinks to persuade them to believe what is being presented. Various techniques can be employed to do this however the most effective are those that appeal to the viewers appetites, fears and vanity.Roy and especially Moore have the resources needed to present certain information that appeal to our appetites. ball-hawking propagandists possess the ability to encourage and stir various emotions and use that emotion to create a sense of uncertainty appealing to our perception of fear. Lastly Arundhati Roy and Michael Moore practice writing and presenting techniques to constrict our comfort and conflict the audiences pride appealing to the greatest internal persuader of all, our vanity.

Explain the personal attributes valued by employers of IT personnel

I am working in c atomic number 18ers advice for IT personnel. I have been asked to produce a humble booklet on valued employee attributes and communication barriers. I give write a report explaining the personal attributes valued by employers.AttitudesDeterminationDetermination is very important in the workplace as it shows that they are able to get on and complete the work without getting distracted. Determination is also great when set about problems as the employee will be determined to finish the task and will try everything to overcome any problems that may prevent them from their end goal.Whilst on my internship at BP I was very determined to finish the work and I didnt allow anything to distract me from completing the work. This allowed me to complete more work in the conviction frame I was given up which was very useful to my team.IndependenceIndependence is also a very important soft skill to have in the workplace. Employees will be expected to complete tasks on their own without any help from others. Employees need to think for themselves and not rely on other mountain to tell them what they have to do next.At BP I showed independence by making meetings with people I needed specific information rather than waiting for someone to come to me. besides when I was given tasks, I would work on it alone and if I got to problems I would try to overcome them on my own. plan skillsPlanning is important in the workplace it involves thinking ahead to decide what you need to do to achieve a goal within a given epochscale. Its important in planning that goals are established, strategies and objectives are decided to be successful. By planning tasks can be done in the time given.Whilst at BP I showed planning skills by looking at the tasks I had and then planning how I was going to compete the tasks. Such as draft diagrams or writing down the formulas and where I was going to use them in my excel sheets.Time sellmentTo make the best use of your time, you need to manage it effectively. To do this you have to take control on your time and plan when you are going to complete things by using a diary would help. Also you need to make certain(p) that time is protected from interruptions and make sure you are strict on time making sure vital tasks are done before doing less important things. Being good at time management will be useful because it will mean that tasks will be done for the deadline and the employee will never be late for meetings or for work which means that work can be done when its needed.On my internship I showed time management skills by planning my tasks for specific times and making sure I had it done by the deadline. Also making sure if I had meetings in another building I left enough time to get there to make sure I wasnt late.particular proposition AttributesJobFor some jobs technical knowledge will be needed. for instance in my job at BP I needed to have knowledge on IT programs such as Microsoft, PowerPoint, Excel , Outlook and also needed to have knowledge on SharePoint which is used for online storage. An employee might demonstrate technical skills by taking and spillage academic or vocational qualifications, or you might have a certificate to prove that you have a special skill such as ICT Qualifications.Health and safetyIf an employee is unwell then they should stay off work until they are recovered. Coming into work wander will then make everyone else sick and in order to prevent this they need to get better at home. The Health and Safety at Work Act requires all employees to take likely care of themselves and others who could be affected by what they do. This Act also states that if you are an employee who has been injured at work, seen a dangerous occurrence, or your doctor has qualified that you have a work-related reportable disease, you must inform your employer.

An Analysis of Michael Coogan’s Article “The Great Gulf Between Scholars and the Pew”

Michael Coogans article, The Great Gulf Between Scholars and the Pew, basically discussed and expounded in detail basically how people from different walks of life, particularly the scholars, and the lay members of the perform, understood and understand the rule book and its text. Basically, according to Coogan, the give-and-take, which has been long accepted as a symbol of perfect authority and absolute truth for it contains the word of God, is flawed in a lot of aspects due to its historical loopholes and inconsistencies.Based on Coogans writing, both past and modern scholars have use these inconsistencies and loopholes, which is a method called historical-critical method, to surmise that the Bible itself is not a book by a single author, nevertheless many books by many authors (Coogan, n. p. ) who also reflect their backgrounds and beliefs in their writings. However, as Coogan pointed out, this non-traditional arrest of the Bible, has in truth little effect on the way most people, whether religious or not, think of the book.This led to a situation that Coogan calls a canyon inside a canon, a set of laws in spite of appearance a set of laws or more specifically, a set of set apart Scriptures within a set of Holy Scriptures. In this case, most people, despite the widely accepted inconsistencies on the Bible, still accept and adhere to certain parts of its texts. In separate words, what Coogan meant by a canon within a canon is that people select certain texts or scriptures within the Bible despite their errors and contradictions to actual historical findings and consider them as absolute truths which they base their beliefs on.More specifically, people such as lay members and pastors choose to believe these questionable texts and scriptures and use them to serve their personal interests. This, according to Coogan, is surmount shown in the way that politicians use quotes from the Bible as if they were truths, the way ministers preach the words of the Bible, and, most of all, the way students treat the Bible as an authoritative figure. authentic prominent inconsistencies in the Bible include the question of whether Canaan was invaded by Israel through a military assault or a gradual preoccupancy or what was the true color of the robe Jesus was wearing when he was being tortured before he died or whether he was born in Bethlehem or Naz atomic number 18th, among many others.. In addition, there are also Christian believers who accept a certain gospel, such as Pauls but reject the words of James and the Gospel of Matthew, which have been shown to contradict Pauls writings, while, in effect, rejecting dozens of other biblical texts.The fact that there are inconsistencies between the writings of two of Jesus disciples and provided people choose to believe in one of them goes to show that the historical-critical method of understanding the Bible has been very influential. In short, despite these questions about important facts in th e Bible, a lot of people still accept them as undeniable truths, which forms a canon within a canon Moreover, Coogan explained that the church tacitly accepts the use of a canon within a canon partly because it is their way of countering the results of the scholars historical-critical method of the Bible.The church make it appear to its followers that results of the scholars studies is a direct challenge to their authority because most of its teachings are derived from the Bible itself. In other words, if the Bible is full of inconsistencies and errors, then the Churchs Episcopal letters and pontifical documents, which they derive from the Bible as well, are also flawed and questionable. This is also why the church accepts the use of a canon within a canon as it corrects the perception of the Bible created by the scholars.They simply cannot allow an influential force that would question their authority as it would also taint their credibility and, in effect, their control over their members. Another reason behind the churchs tacit acceptance of a canon within a canon is that it does not trust people to correctly interpret and understand all that are written in the Bible. In other words, the church simply limited the exposure of people to the Bible because in truth, as Coogan stated in his article, there are certain texts and scriptures in the Bible that are subversive to the teachings of the church. check to Coogan, certain texts that are conspicuously limited by the church to most people include the portrayal of the violent yet divine extermination of the people of Canaan in the book of Joshua, the depiction of sexual assault in Judges chapters 11 and 19, the eroticism in the tune of Solomon, and most of all the text of the book of Job which more or less challenges the predominant perception of a fair and caring God.Meaning to say, the church firmly believes that if people are able to read the texts mentioned above, then there is a possibility that they may doubt the dogmatic views and teachings of the Bible which is embodied by the church itself. Furthermore, based on Coogans writing, in a way, biblical scholarship has also contributed to the use of a canon within a canon. According to him, for one, these biblical scholars, who have been committed to studying and deciphering the Bible for the past century or so, have failed to correctly translate what the original languages such as classic and Hebrew of the books texts exactly mean.Most biblical scholars, avoid shocking people by making it appear that the Bible is an internally invariable book rather than a compilation of doctrines that are full of errors and inconsistencies. Moreover, Coogan also noted that recent biblical studies were done primarily for self-righteous reasons rather than educational purposes and as such, the use of a canon within a canon or a set of widely-accepted and used scriptures within a set of widely-accepted and used scriptures has become more established a nd unchallenged throughout the years.

English as a Global Language

array of meat as a orbiculate run-in coiffe is spoken in most parts of the innovation, for instance in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and in m all more countries. tho in Afri cornerstone states incline serves as main form of communication. face is, after the Chinese one, the speech communication most peck speak and it is the most popular second deli real and foreign row pupils aim in school. The incline spoken talking to is often named as a sea wolf phrase that wipes break little lyric poems and their kitchen-gardenings by exclusive use (f. e. media, economy). side is non popular because of its lingual properties but in that location ar conscious, co-ordinated promotion programmes. except if on that point argon so many utterance the same spoken communication there remains the question of humans diversity concerning biological, cultural and political matters. We also have to get into consideration, that side as a orbicular d iction is also cogitate to social costs, because the informing and adaption of the languages for immigrant minorities is rather irrational. wording policy in the post-compound situationthither argon a lot of colonial states with multilingual character because of the imperialist powers in the 19th and 20th century. In Africa, for example, there be no attempts to use any African language in high-status functions, they be non even taught in schools. The diaphragm during colonialism changed a lot in the worlds history and succeeding(a) development, and colonialism rile us venture more or less cheap rawmaterials and deviseers the imperialist powers fatalityed to gain, but we often immobilise about approximatelything else, which an African statesman expresses in his speech The real aim of colonialism was to check off the peoples _wealth but) economic and political verify can n forever be complete or effective without kind control. To control a peoples culture is to con trol their tools of self-definition in relationship to differents. For colonialism, this involved 2 aspects of the same process the ravaging or the deliberate undervaluing of a peoples culture, their art, dances, religions, history, geography, education, orature and literature, and the conscious facelift of the language of the coloniser. The domi race of a peoples language by the languages of the colonising nations was crucial to the domination of the intellectual universe of the colonised. Ngugi wa Thiongo (extract from his famous essay on The language of African literature) But there are some(prenominal) arguments for the demand of the adoption of the ex-colonial languages as official ones. First, regarded politically, the choice of any autochthonal language would destabilise African states which are multilingual. A second argument would be, that the continue use of the ex-colonial language is rather practical because in the end it was accepted by the majority.From having b een the language of the oppressor, side, for instance, became the language of interior(a) iodin and national liberation. in that location was a sense (economically and technically) in ex-colonial languages, because then they are linked to their mother untaught and the language-infrastructure delivers a pool of skills, same as prorate books, dictionaries, registers, etc. It would be useless to imitate and duplication in any of African languages. But these arguments were not often used in cultural discussions, because the European languages often affect as superior to the indigenous vernaculars.The development seems to be inevitable because with the problem of unemployment, the top executive to speak English is very important, but English cant be blamed for the developments demanding an external lingua franca to facilitate a world wide exchange of knowledge everyone can understand. Killer languages were always introduced by those who were in control of power. The USA with the s trongest currency the Dollar, shows that it is not coincidental that English is the leading medical prognosis as a global language.Because of the English predominance in the industrial world, more and more peoples give have to join in and the question remains if they are able to keep their have got identities. There is no danger if regional groups manage to keep their own language for internal communication, but in less developed countries the members of beautiful linguistic groups have to change to a language of a high rank in the language hierarchy. Because that way they are more flexible and the chances in world-wide competition are bigger.In Australia parents even root for their children to speak English instead of their own indigenous mother tongue, because they want to provide them better chances for their future. Shortly, you can say that by surviving in a capitalistic arrangement of competition many peoples are forced to support a process which destroys their own cul ture. In Countries of GBs old colonial empire (e. g. Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand) the primaeval populations were either killed or enslaved, and the Anglo- Saxon culture and language were adopted. This seemed to be a natural process. In Africa the new system of additive bilingualism shall be introduced now.That message that the 1st language maintains and a second one is added. This system developed out of the Bantu Education, which inforced fatal schoolchildren to condition English with the economic aid of a racist curriculum (Stundenplan). But African children rebelled which is called the_ Soweto Uprising of 1976_, by now. This truly baneful legacy of Apartheid and a lack of will amongst most of the political leadershiphip are the main reasons why there is no successful policy of multilingualism and multilingualistic education in Africa yet. On contrary, theres real a language problem handle in India and other former colonies.The leaders followed the French or Engl ish save (or mainly) language policies after formal independence from the colonial rule. most of these countries returned to their mother tongue within. Prof. black lovage Neville stand fors, that if additive bilingualism is carried out systematically but flexibly, there should be a high level of literacy in Africa in the course of the next century (1 African language and at least some volubility in English for all Africans). African schools could normalise (competent language teachers like most countries of the world). We think this is a rather optimistic view. But what is the right way to learn a language?In the meshwork Research there are some conditions quoted as important to learn a 2nd language Teachers language proficiency Teachers competence as teachers (understand and overcome pupils problems) Exposure to the language outside the classroom becoming textbooks and material Theres a play in for one or two world languages in the fields of trade, technology and diplomac y. But theres a global latent hostility between this need on one hand, and the national and regional need for a language in which the history and treasures of the cultures of the worlds diverse peoples, are captured, on the other hand.Nowadays, as English is the lingua franca of the EU, massive efforts of variant and interpretation have to be taken. A lingua franca and Multilingualism should stand side by side, forming a third estate language policy. Changes in the Teaching of English David Crystal (Author of English as a Global Language) thinks that English became the world language not because of any intrinsic linguistic qualities, but because at substantive moments in history it happened to be in the right place at the right time. The Future of English? by Graddol, suggests that English is at a turning point in its development as an worldwide language it has become a global language at a time when the world itself is undergoing speedy change. Indeed, English is very much(pr enominal) a part of the process of transformation, which is creating a more closely interconnected world in which people and machines talk easily to each other from one country to any other in the world. It is clear that more and more people eruditeness English as a foreign language do so in order to evanesce with other non- indigenous vocalisers of English.This marks a significant change in the nature and purpose of teaching and learning English virtually the world, which has even so been built on the idea of teaching a native speaker model of English (usually British or American) to allow communication between the learner and native speakers. If you consider, that the follow of people speaking English as a second language will soon total the one of those speaking it as a first tongue, you will understand, that also the way of teaching English has to change.Therefor new methods of English Language teaching (ELT) have been developed to be able to teach also the diverse and e ver-changing contexts in which English will be used in the future. There are courses on the profits and special groups, where English teachers from all over the world discuss about the new challenge of their profession. Diana and Julia Brugger Opinions What makes a global language? Why is English a leading aspect? Will it hold this position? A a couple of(prenominal) years ago I traveled around Europe with a friend. Although we knew only a little French, we were able to travel with no problem.Everyone we encountered, with a few exceptions, spoke English. It was comforting to be able to communicate with others when we were lost, needed help or just cute to talk. Personally, I think a linguistic commonplace language would benefit most people. I agree, however, that one should not replace native languages. endemic languages are symbols of culture, the past and its people. From what we have learned so far I think a universal language would have maybe eliminated some of the oppre ssion and subordination some peoples faced at the work force of colonisers.Cheryl Fonda Undoubtedly, the English language is a powerful tool and has been a preponderating force in suppressing the colonies during Imperialism. Fortunately, Pakistan ( my native country) which was under British rule did not let go of its native language despite British influence. English remains the official language, but we have our own national language called Urdu, which is quite dominant. Shandana *Khanzada* (Pakistan) I guess from the heading of this posting that we would assume that English would be a great candidate for this universal language.I do feel that it might eliminate some tension if everyone had access to a legitimate universal language and couldnt be exploited as easily. However, most diplomats and much(prenominal) already speak English. It is the brusk of every nation that dont have access to English education, so the hierarchy still continues. The universal language would cause exploitation of poor by the rich. The only difference is that it would not be a nation exploiting another but people of a nation exploiting there own countrymen. Wesley EdwardsWe as English speakers take a lot for granted when it comes to languages we are very self-centred. True a universal language would make business and politics much easier, but each language carries much of a culture. If you have ever tried translating poetry from one language to another you know how linguistic communication dont have exact translations and close to all subtleties are lost. Think about even within the English language each set phrase ( southern, Midwest, New England) has its own character. Elizabeth NelsonA universal language sounds great in theory but the work that implementing it would entail is overwhelming to say the least. I too have travelled to other countries and have mat very lucky when others know English and were able to help me. Americans should really know other languages founta inhead considering the resources we have here, but the truth of the matter is that we do not. I think a universal language would be more convenient but it would eventually wipe out certain difference among us that serve as positive vehicles for learning and experience. Laura SykesEnglish as a Global LanguageEnglish as a global language English is spoken in most parts of the world, for instance in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and in many more countries. Moreover in African states English serves as main form of communication. English is, after the Chinese one, the language most people speak and it is the most popular second language and foreign language pupils learn in school. The English language is often named as a killer language that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use (f. e. media, economy). English is not popular because of its linguistic properties but there are conscious, co-ordinated promotion programmes. But if there are so many speaking the same language there remains the question of humans diversity concerning biological, cultural and political matters. We also have to take into consideration, that English as a global language is also linked to social costs, because the teaching and accommodation of the languages for immigrant minorities is rather irrational. Language policy in the post-colonial situationThere are a lot of colonial states with multilingual character because of the imperialist powers in the 19th and 20th century. In Africa, for example, there are no attempts to use any African language in high-status functions, they are not even taught in schools. The period during colonialism changed a lot in the worlds history and following development, and colonialism make us think about cheap rawmaterials and workers the imperialist powers wanted to gain, but we often forget about something else, which an African statesman expresses in his speech The real aim of colonialism was to control the peoples _wealth but) economic and political control can never be complete or effective without mental control. To control a peoples culture is to control their tools of self-definition in relationship to others. For colonialism, this involved two aspects of the same process the destruction or the deliberate undervaluing of a peoples culture, their art, dances, religions, history, geography, education, orature and literature, and the conscious elevation of the language of the coloniser. The domination of a peoples language by the languages of the colonising nations was crucial to the domination of the mental universe of the colonised. Ngugi wa Thiongo (extract from his famous essay on The language of African literature) But there are several arguments for the demand of the adoption of the ex-colonial languages as official ones. First, regarded politically, the choice of any indigenous language would destabilise African states which are multilingual. A second argument would be, that t he continue use of the ex-colonial language is rather practical because in the end it was accepted by the majority.From having been the language of the oppressor, English, for instance, became the language of national unity and national liberation. There was a sense (economically and technically) in ex-colonial languages, because then they are linked to their mother country and the language-infrastructure delivers a pool of skills, like as prorate books, dictionaries, registers, etc. It would be useless to imitate and duplicate in any of African languages. But these arguments were not often used in cultural discussions, because the European languages often affect as superior to the indigenous vernaculars.The development seems to be inevitable because with the problem of unemployment, the ability to speak English is very important, but English cant be blamed for the developments demanding an international lingua franca to facilitate a world wide exchange of knowledge everyone can und erstand. Killer languages were always introduced by those who were in control of power. The USA with the strongest currency the Dollar, shows that it is not coincidental that English is the leading candidate as a global language.Because of the English predominance in the industrial world, more and more peoples will have to join in and the question remains if they are able to keep their own identities. There is no danger if regional groups manage to keep their own language for internal communication, but in less developed countries the members of small linguistic groups have to change to a language of a higher rank in the language hierarchy. Because that way they are more flexible and the chances in world-wide competition are bigger.In Australia parents even force their children to speak English instead of their own indigenous mother tongue, because they want to provide them better chances for their future. Shortly, you can say that by surviving in a capitalistic system of competitio n many peoples are forced to support a process which destroys their own culture. In Countries of GBs old colonial empire (e. g. Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand) the native populations were either killed or enslaved, and the Anglo- Saxon culture and language were adopted. This seemed to be a natural process. In Africa the new system of additive bilingualism shall be introduced now.That means that the 1st language maintains and a second one is added. This system developed out of the Bantu Education, which inforced black schoolchildren to learn English with the help of a racist curriculum (Stundenplan). But African children rebelled which is called the_ Soweto Uprising of 1976_, by now. This truly baneful legacy of Apartheid and a lack of will amongst most of the political leadership are the main reasons why there is no successful policy of multilingualism and multilingualistic education in Africa yet. On contrary, theres really a language problem like in India and other former co lonies.The leaders followed the French or English only (or mainly) language policies after formal independence from the colonial rule. Most of these countries returned to their mother tongue within. Prof. Alexander Neville thinks, that if additive bilingualism is carried out systematically but flexibly, there should be a high level of literacy in Africa in the course of the next century (1 African language and at least some fluency in English for all Africans). African schools could normalise (competent language teachers like most countries of the world). We think this is a rather optimistic view. But what is the right way to learn a language?In the Internet Research there are some conditions quoted as important to learn a 2nd language Teachers language proficiency Teachers competence as teachers (understand and overcome pupils problems) Exposure to the language outside the classroom Adequate textbooks and material Theres a need for one or two world languages in the fields of trade , technology and diplomacy. But theres a global tension between this need on one hand, and the national and regional need for a language in which the history and treasures of the cultures of the worlds diverse peoples, are captured, on the other hand.Nowadays, as English is the lingua franca of the EU, massive efforts of translation and interpretation have to be taken. A lingua franca and Multilingualism should stand side by side, forming a common language policy. Changes in the Teaching of English David Crystal (Author of English as a Global Language) thinks that English became the world language not because of any intrinsic linguistic qualities, but because at significant moments in history it happened to be in the right place at the right time. The Future of English? by Graddol, suggests that English is at a turning point in its development as an international language it has become a global language at a time when the world itself is undergoing rapid change. Indeed, English is v ery much a part of the process of transformation, which is creating a more closely interconnected world in which people and machines talk easily to each other from one country to any other in the world. It is clear that more and more people learning English as a foreign language do so in order to communicate with other non-native speakers of English.This marks a significant change in the nature and purpose of teaching and learning English around the world, which has hitherto been built on the idea of teaching a native speaker model of English (usually British or American) to allow communication between the learner and native speakers. If you consider, that the number of people speaking English as a second language will soon outnumber the one of those speaking it as a first tongue, you will understand, that also the way of teaching English has to change.Therefor new methods of English Language teaching (ELT) have been developed to be able to teach also the diverse and changing contex ts in which English will be used in the future. There are courses on the Internet and special groups, where English teachers from all over the world discuss about the new challenge of their profession. Diana and Julia Brugger Opinions What makes a global language? Why is English a leading candidate? Will it hold this position? A few years ago I travelled around Europe with a friend. Although we knew only a little French, we were able to travel with no problem.Everyone we encountered, with a few exceptions, spoke English. It was comforting to be able to communicate with others when we were lost, needed help or just wanted to talk. Personally, I think a universal language would benefit most people. I agree, however, that one should not replace native languages. Native languages are symbols of culture, the past and its people. From what we have learned so far I think a universal language would have maybe eliminated some of the oppression and subordination some peoples faced at the hand s of colonisers.Cheryl Fonda Undoubtedly, the English language is a powerful tool and has been a dominant force in suppressing the colonies during Imperialism. Fortunately, Pakistan ( my native country) which was under British rule did not let go of its native language despite British influence. English remains the official language, but we have our own national language called Urdu, which is quite dominant. Shandana *Khanzada* (Pakistan) I guess from the heading of this posting that we would assume that English would be a great candidate for this universal language.I do feel that it might eliminate some tension if everyone had access to a certain universal language and couldnt be exploited as easily. However, most diplomats and such already speak English. It is the poor of every nation that dont have access to English education, so the hierarchy still continues. The universal language would cause exploitation of poor by the rich. The only difference is that it would not be a nation exploiting another but people of a nation exploiting there own countrymen. Wesley EdwardsWe as English speakers take a lot for granted when it comes to languages we are very self-centred. True a universal language would make business and politics much easier, but each language carries much of a culture. If you have ever tried translating poetry from one language to another you know how words dont have exact translations and almost all subtleties are lost. Think about even within the English language each dialect ( southern, Midwest, New England) has its own character. Elizabeth NelsonA universal language sounds great in theory but the work that implementing it would entail is overwhelming to say the least. I too have travelled to other countries and have felt very lucky when others know English and were able to help me. Americans should really know other languages well considering the resources we have here, but the truth of the matter is that we do not. I think a universal languag e would be more convenient but it would eventually wipe out certain difference among us that serve as positive vehicles for learning and experience. Laura Sykes

Role Management in Workplace

Role trouble in the Workplace Role Management to me hangms to be all told about delegation. It helps you to decide who does what and who grapples what. Management in psychology probably would be the same carriage designate responsibilities and also delegate so that from each one person could neck what it is that they ar going to do. I would say format nation where they excel if you know someone has a strong suit then that is where they will best excel and get the put-on done. If a person is a great school counselor then they should be counseling at a school, if they work well in a clinical setting then that is the setting they should be in.Ayame whitethorn not be good in the confrontational aspect, and that is probably for not for her. Sometimes people are soft-spoken and dont deal well with confrontation so in turn how quite a dwarfish you really be motivated to do something that really doesnt make you happy. I bring forward it is really tricky to receive feedback if people really lavt understand where you are approaching from and maybe her culture isnt really a confrontational culture and she is more reserved and set(p) back. Then again that may not really be the subroutine for Ayame in delegating it is a passenger vehicles responsibility to debate what skills their employees have and what they are good at.Since Ayame is a project manager that operator that she is in charge of managing other people and if she isnt motivated to do her job how tail she really motivate a team of people to get their jobs done as well. Everyone has their role in a workplace and if they cant handle it then maybe that really isnt the role for them. Cultural Background Some countries are more reserved and not quite so confrontational and maybe that is what Ayames problem is. Americans are aggressive and Japanese tend to be a little more laid back and hard working.Herzberg believes that with job satisfaction is what motivated people especially Japan. The way she is receiving feedback may be a way that she isnt used to because she is not handling the situation confrontational. She may not be really comfortable with how things are done at her job because not all cultures handle things the same way. It seems as though Ayame may not have that go hard encephalon and thats just because of what she is used to. The Japanese are not like Americans and where they are different is that Americans can be confrontational whereas Japanese are more reserved.Ayame may just urgency to meet with her stomp and find out what it is that she needs to do differently or maybe that isnt the job for her. She can have a sit down and address ways she feels that she may excel better and see if those ways work and if they can implement them, because not everything has to be confrontational and some people handle it better with finesse. Motivation Techniques Motivation is the process by which a persons effort are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a g oal.I think the goal setting theory is great theory because sometimes goals push people further so that they can go further than they normally would if there were no goals set in place. Then when you are rewarding employees for achieving those goals it makes it even better because it feels as though their hard work has paid off and that just makes them want to work harder. I think when goals are put in front of you if you are a harder worker then you are going to do what you need to make sure you achieve them.When employers reward employees incentives do make people work harder because it means that there is something to look forward to. I also think a good technique is to see your manager working hard too its one thing to just designate plainly to help your employees and take time to make sure they understand the task makes them feel inspired and shows them that you anguish and that you actually want them to succeed. References 1). Decenzo, D. , & Coulter, M. (2011). Fundamentals of Management Essential Concepts and Applications (7th ed. ). Boston, MA Prentice Hall.

A Small Place

Jamaica Kincaids A Small Place focuses on her cynical views toward politics, pauperisation and tourism in Antigua. Kincaid begins by telling the readers about the islands born(p) beauty the sunny sky and strong weather, and the picturesque nature. She then, encourages the reader to look beneath the islands beauty to discover and get to know the real declare of the people and their culture.The reader is addressed as you all throughout the book. Kincaid would like the reader to understand the peoples poorness and their culture, which is highly influenced by the English colonizers, and the political system riddled with corruption. She challenges the reader to look beyond the lifelike beauty of the island to discover and acknowledge its ugly side. All throughout the book, the authors opinions, views, criticisms and comments regarding these three issues are apparent.The authors narrative is level(p) with bitterness and sarcasm, particularly when relating about the islands compound p asta and the presents dependence on tourism as a source of income. Kincaids tone changes when she recalls memories that are precious to her as a child. But predominantly, she writes with indignation.This paper will address Kincaids narrative and criticism against tourism, poverty, and politics through the books content, setting, theme, major characters, and symbolism.ContentA Small Place is not strictly dissever into titled regions. Instead, there are four untitled sections that tackle different aspects. In the first section, the yarn was about being a hypothetical tourist in Antigua, the authors birthplace. Antigua is then draw as an island of great, natural beauty.As a tourist, you only see the beautiful sights and the positive aspects of the people and the island. You dont program your mind to think of the natives opposite than the usual warm and welcoming hosts, and as the people to serve your needs.The narrative in this section is level(p) with insider knowledge, often ab out the harsh reality that a tourist doesnt see. These include the poverty of the people, the corruption and iniquitous activities of some of the islands mansion owners who Kincaid claims are drug lords, and references to why most of the cars in the island are Japanese made. This section ends at the hotel and the authors opinion about a tourists moral ugliness.In the next chapter, the author brings back memories of the old island, which she described as a colony of Great Britain. The author highlights the racism in the island and how the locals loved the English culture. wiz of this sections main points is the authors derision against the fuss the people made over Princess Margarets visit when Kincaid was just a child.The colonial mentality of the Antiguans was criticized. For the Antiguans, the author says, bad behavior is not bad so long as it was an Englishman who connected it. At the end of the section, the author relates colonialism to the present impoverished state of Antig ua.It was in the second section that Kincaid asked why people like her cant forget the past? She calls the readers attention to the British colonial system, and condemns the human trading in the past. Her ancestors, she said, were dragged to Antigua as chained slaves. According to Kincaid, slavery will never be forgotten because understructureal reminders remained in the island. The Barclays bank is an example of trading firm that made its fortunes from bartering humans like they were goods.After amassing wealth through the sales agreement of slaves, the Barclays went into banking and continues to be prosperous up until the present. Whats more ironic to Kincaid is the fact that Barclays is a major financial institution in Antigua that provides loans and fundings to the descendants of the slaves they traded years ago. While the slaves made them rich, it is their descendants who are making Barclays continue to be rich.

Film “The Black Balloon” Essay

The film The corrosive Balloon, is a 2008 Australian AFI award-winning dramatic feature film that stars Toni Collette, Rhys Wakefield, Luke Ford, Erik Thomson, Gemma Ward as well as a cast of newcomers. It is directed by first-time feature film director, Elissa Down, Despite being set in the advance(prenominal) 1990s, the delineation, The Black Balloon still contains relevant mess come alongs for audiences in the ripe age. These pass ons involve the discrimination the Mollison family is subjected to, the characters that Down has structured into her layer and the coming of age by her one of her main characters doubting Thomas. Discrimination is a major radical in the movie, The Black Balloon. This theme was ordern end-to-end the movie when the residents of the town and the school displayed discrimination toward Charlie and the family. The close to poignant example of discrimination is when Charlie has a breakdown/vista at the supermarket when his father, Simon, has to put gr oceries back. Charlie feels that his order has been discontinue and he doesnt portion bulge with the change.Not one of the community members or staff members who were seen to witness the tantrum offered to help or even offered an encouraging smile. Through Downs use of close-up camera shots on the observers, the viewer is able to see the judgment and horror that the community is displaying towards the autistic Charlie. Discrimination is withal show financially. Although it isnt shown in the film, financing Charlies medication plus his routine doctor and specialist check-ups wouldnt be easy and again, the community is not forthcoming with offering assistance. These judgments from community members still occur in modern day society and parents of autistic children are still subjected to judgmental looks when their child doesnt cope in an appropriate way in a social setting. The director Elissa Down has designed her story with simple characters, these individuals are telephone lin ed with issues and are reluctant to overcome them. the characters remarked in this story show a commodious amount of emotions throughout their journey in the film, Thomas Mollison hitting his highest academic degrees at life when he meets Jackie and conflux his all-time lows releasing his anger out on his autistic brother Charlie is a massive point in the film.The characters in the film have a sense of belonging to their family this is resembled by the Mollisons sticking strengthened as a group and overcoming challenges throughout the film. Romance is also another big remark for the characters, the hallucination contributed by bothJackie and Thomas really hit hard in the film. Individuals in the film also need to overcome challenges and thats more than certainly shown in the film. Overcoming issues like the dinner table place setting and the big fight. The characters in this film really resemble to modern day audience due to actions the characters put up to, the sense of fami ly and belonging are still a massive emotion throughout a modern families alliance. The sense of hallucination hits a huge message throughout the lives of young teenagers everywhere, modern social settings have a diverse amount of young teenagers who conduct themselves with the messages that The Black Balloon shows.The coming of age shown by one of our main two characters Thomas Mollison has been touched on perfectly by director Elissa Down, she investigates that jolting times throughout Thomass early life and evaluates him to where he concludes at the end of the film. approach shot of age is the transition from adolescence to adulthood. During this time Thomas faces many challenges and changes. In the course throughout the film Thomas is sequenced with hardship and faced with material issues, two main issues are outlined including the embarrassment of Charlies actions with conducting a relationship with Jackie and the sorrow moments where Thomas is known to be pushed aside of Charlie. Thomas plays the part of A coming of age story perfectly, growing up throughout the film and overcoming those issues in his life at that time. Thomas conclude at the end of the film with emotions such as pleasure and happiness, this is shown with close up shots of Thomass face during the scene where he dances in Charlies performance.This resembles a message of growing up and that message conducts greatly in modern society, the facts of teenagers going through harsh times in many senses including foot life, school life and life overall. Thomas played a part of every young adults life, wake the emotions of his tears in the bathroom scene when his mother addresses him and the joyful moments at the end of the movie. Highs and lows are registered throughout anyones life and Thomas has shown that through emotion and his actions in The Black Balloon. In conclusion the movie The Black Balloon outlines a variety of strong coursed messages, these messages relate to modern audience s in a course of factors. Discrimination of families and characters was a high remarked message for contemporary viewers to relate to, the taste of judgement reached out to the viewers and were widely in sighted of the social setting that they are in.Thecharacters were evolved throughout the film as they showed high courses of emotion and heavy scenes of action. Observers showed relevance to the characters of the film as they saw the rich lust of romance and family belonging. The coming of age of Thomas Mollison reached out to modern audience and distinguished the hardship of issues grieved throughout a young teens life. Thomas showed emotions of happiness and sadness while overcoming issues and representing himself as a strong young adult. Viewers receive the message of overcoming issues and relate to these by the actions Thomas did in the film, these messages show that The Black Balloon does hold modern views on society today.

War Brings Out the Good in People

strugglefare brings out the best in large number War does not bring negative effects all(a) the time. It does bring out the best in people. This is because during war people start caring more about everyone. The war unites people and makes them more courageous. During war time, people start caring more about everyones humanity. When people see, for example, a family in distress receivable to war, then people would become more hospitable and help them in every way they can. They talent give them clothing, food and provide all their necessities, and also sometimes let them stay at their throw place.During the war time people become more united. For example, the town I lived in got bombed, then all the people in our town would get together to survive in the bad times. Even enemies volition be united in these bad times . During war people go forth not unaccompanied think about themselves, but they would also think about others too. For example, the people who live in the nigh t own would collect money and help our town that was bombed. Even other neighboring countries would help us in times as these.During the war time, people would get more courageous. This is because to survive people will have to be courageous. If they are not scared then they can somehow bare any sort of pain. But if people are scared they would not be able to face the unpicturesque truth of war. To conclude, I would say that war does not bring bad in people. It does bring the cracking in people as the facts I have written above. Because of war people would be more hospitable, caring , courageous and be untied to survive together.

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Essay - 1

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Essay ExampleIn examining Hemingways short stories one notes their poignant and powerful literary quality. This essay examines Hemingways short allegory Hills Like face cloth Elephants, arguing that Hemingways utilization of the literary devices of tone and style work unneurotic to advance the storys overarching narrative theme. Throughout Ernest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants there is a tone that is articulated that establishes and advances the narrative theme. While its difficult to specifically refer what the central narrative or plot of the story is, as Hemingway purposely doesnt reveal this result information, one can to a large extent surmise that the couple is speaking about a potential abortion. In establishing this plot and narrative elements Hemingway explores a number of tonal qualities. One of the most permeating such element is the use of a slightly existential or nihilistic perspective on life an d the couples dilemma. Early in the story Hemingway implements dialogue such as, I cute to try this new(a) drink Thats all we do, isnt it look at things and try new drinks? (Hemingway). Hemingway implements this dialogic perspective to establish the storys general tone of existential ennui. It also highlights the womans discontent with the general state of her existence and desire to potentially have the child.